The Basics: Washing Machines

Compelled by the Department of Energy's requirements for improved energy efficiency, washing machine manufacturers are finally launching some new and more efficient products. This trend is bringing us improved front-loading machines and some new, equally efficient top-loading machines. The new front-loading machines use about 2/3 less water than their low-efficiency, top-loading counterparts; however, this energy efficiency comes at a much higher price. Some of these new models can more than double the price of the average "top loader."

As a guide, use the yellow EnergyGuide stickers to do your shopping when comparing energy and price on front-load and top-load machines. Note: The lower the EnergyGuide rating number, the more efficient the machine. Energy efficiency can also come at the expense of convenience. Front-loading models require that you bend in order to load the machine, thus they are harder on the back. Top-loading machines became popular for precisely the opposite reason -- no need for bending over to load. However, front-loading models can be integrated under countertops and cabinets, or can hold a matching dryer on top of the unit, whereas top-loading models cannot.

The newest and most exciting innovation on the latest models is a Steam feature. Steam provides stain-removing power, offers sanitizing properties and has the ability to refresh and remove wrinkles from stale clothing. As of this writing, this feature is offered as an optional setting on the priciest new machines from LG, Whirlpool and Kenmore, but we predict there will be more steam washers to hit the market soon in a number of different machine configurations, including compact models.

There are many useful features offered on washing machines, such as Automatic Program settings that will automatically calculate and adjust the level of water and time needed to complete a load. Delay Start allows you to select when you'd like the wash to start at a later time so you can benefit from off-peak electric rates or have the machine run at a time that is more convenient for you. There are also varying wash cycles, such as for Delicates or Heavy Wash, that assist in washing different types of clothing for the best results. Think about which settings and features you will use most often and look for a model that offers these at a reasonable price.

Warranties on most washing machines and dryers are pretty similar. Typically, a warranty offers one full year of coverage for all parts and labor. After that, warranties will cover specific parts for a longer time period. The specific part and time period will vary somewhat from manufacturer to manufacturer. The specific parts covered are usually fairly durable ones. It's probably much more likely some of the parts that are not covered will pose the problems after the first year. As a result, the important thing to look for is the basic one-year warranty on everything. This is the standard in the industry. Warranty, beyond that first year, should probably not be the sole factor that sways you to select one machine over another. Look instead for performance features that are important to you.

How to Shop

Here are a few questions to ask when shopping for a washing machine:

What size/type washing machine do I need?
Compact washers are usually about 24 inches wide and can handle about 4 to 8 pounds of laundry, which is enough for about one or two people. Some units can be permanently installed, while other units are portable and may be rolled to a sink and connected to the water supply. Compact machines are a great option for small apartments and small families.

Conventional full-size models are usually 27 inches wide and hold 8 to 10 pounds of laundry, which is appropriate for large wash loads. Full-size units are the ideal choice for the average family. They offer powerful spin speeds and can handle smaller loads by using the half-load or quick wash settings.

Large-capacity washers handle 10 to 12 pounds of laundry at a time, so they are great for large families or for people who consistently have large loads to wash. Despite their large size, these units can be as energy efficient as smaller models and offer similar features and wash cycles as conventional models. They do take up more space than conventional models, but with the amount of laundry they can handle, it could mean fewer times you will have to do the laundry.

There are also combination washer/dryers. These are available in both 24- and 27-inch widths, with gas or electric dryers. The wider combination will handle larger loads of laundry and is more comparable to a full-size washer and dryer. These combinations can be a front-loading washer and a dryer stacked one atop the other or a single model containing both a washer and a dryer in one unit. The one-piece unit is usually cheaper; however, a problem with one appliance in a one-piece unit can adversely effect the other. Stacked machines will cost more, but each piece can be repaired or replaced separately.

How much should I expect to spend on a new washer?
Basic, no-frills washing machines can be purchased for as little as $250 to $350. Moderately priced machines, with features used in a typical home, run from $350 to about $700. Front-loading machines and the newer, more efficient top-loaders typically cost in excess of $600 and can easily exceed the $1000 mark. These pricier models are likely to offer sophisticated control panels and feature the newest technological advances in the industry. With an energy efficient model, you will recoup at least part of the additional, upfront expense over the lifetime of the machine as it will save on energy. These newer style machines also tend to be gentler on your clothing, cleaning items without wearing them out.

Are there any new and exciting color choices when it comes to washers?
You are likely to see more designer colors added to the traditionally aseptic, white laundry room. From bright and bold, to subtle and calming, more and more colors are being offered on today's new models. There are interesting colors such as Barolo Burgundy to Pacific Blue, and Champagne to Soft Arctic Green. If you are looking to add a little design and texture to your laundry area, look for models that are available in a choice of exciting colors. But note that some of these color choices can be more expensive than there plain white counterparts.

Can I place a washer on a second floor of a home or apartment?
Manufacturers have caught on to people's need to place washers in an upstairs setting, which sometimes means closer to sleeping areas, so they have developed machines that are quiet and vibration-free. For these installations, look for models with added insulation and improved suspension. Models may carry labels such as vibration-reduction technology or sport suspension. If it is your intention to place a high-efficiency model on an upper floor, be particularly aware of the potential for excessive vibration in machines with high-spin speeds in the 1000 rpm range.

What do I need to know about brand and how to service my washing machine?
When shopping, you'll be confronted by various brand choices. The basic low-down on brands is as follows: The largest appliance manufacturers are GE and Whirlpool. GE also manufactures the Hotpoint and RCA lines. Whirlpool manufactures the KitchenAid line, the Roper line and many of Sears, Kenmore models. Maytag is well known for its washers and dryers, has a favorable reputation, and as a result, commands a slightly higher price than other brands. For front-loading machines, look to Fridgidaire, Kenmore, Maytag and Asko. And finally, before making your final choice, be sure to find out how your unit will be serviced. Is there a local company who can handle your needs? A sophisticated top-end model is great, but can pose a real problem if no one in your area can fix it.

Although there are some exciting and neat new features available on today's washing machines, if you do not often use these features then you should not pay extra to have them. The technological advancements on washers are appealing, but also quite expensive and make a machine more prone to breakdown and need of repair. We recommend that you opt for the features you really need and know you will use, instead of paying for all the latest bells and whistles. The most important features to look for are energy efficiency and water conservation, as these will help you save money in the long run. Consider both front-loading and top-loading models that use resources wisely. Often models that have been available for a while and have a proven record are more reliable and a cost-effective purchase than brand new, untested models.